2025
Environ Int. 2025 Jan:195:109232. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109232. Epub 2024 Dec 20.
PFOA, PFOS and PFHxS toxicokinetic considerations for the development of an in vivo approach for assessing PFAS relative bioavailability in soil
Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, 5095, Australia. South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Preclinical, Imaging and Research Laboratories, 101 Blacks Road, Gilles Plains, Adelaide 5086, Australia. UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, City East Campus, 5000, Australia.
Service type: Stock strains
Abstract
A Sprague-Dawley rat model was utilized to elucidate perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) toxicokinetics with a goal of developing an in vivo approach for quantifying PFAS relative bioavailability in impacted soil. Following single dose administration (gavage) of ∼ 0.2-2000 µg kg-1 BW of PFOA, PFOS or PFHxS, differences in PFAS blood, organ and excreta concentrations were observed over 120 h although linear dose responses were determined for area under the blood plasma time curves (AUC; PFOA, PFHxS), liver accumulation (LA: PFOS) and urinary excretion (UE; PFOA, PFHxS). Oral and intravenous dose (∼20 µg kg-1 body weight) comparisons highlighted the high absolute bioavailability of PFOA (AUC: 100.3 ± 23.4 %; UE: 94.7 ± 26.6 %), PFOS (LA: 102.9 ± 15.6 %) and PFHxS (AUC: 88.3 ± 15.1 %; UE: 90.9 ± 7.3 %). Two spiked (14C-PFOA: 4360 ± 218 µg kg-1) and two PFAS impacted soils (PFOS: 1880-2250 µg kg-1; PFHxS: 61.2-65.5 µg kg-1) were utilized to measure PFAS relative bioavailability in soil matrices. In all soils, PFAS relative bioavailability was > 86 % (PFOA: 87.0-90.9 %; PFOS: 86.1-90.4 %; PFHxS: 86.5-97.0 %) although the method could quantify bioavailability reductions (25.6-88.9 %) when hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions were enhanced through the addition of carbon-based amendments (5-10 % w/w).
Keywords: Bioavailability; Exposure; PFHxS; PFOA; PFOS; Toxicokinetics.
